This article is a humble attempt to give the most complete listing of the so-called “Festung Norwegen”, or “Fortress Norway”ever given. It is of course, almost impossible to get all units and locations 100% correct: one must consider the facts that German armed forces in Norway counted about 350 000 men, not including “Organisation Todt” or NSKK.
 

Because of the Norwegian terrain, the Coastal defence had the highest priority. Serving on the Coastal Defence units was regarded as very hard duty, and the men were sent on recreation homes or home leave at least twice a Year.

Many German units were frequently moved and changed names or designations. Therefor I hope that everyone with corrections or amendments get in touch with the author as soon as possible.
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Prior to the Norwegian campaign 9thApril, 1940, the German Navy Coastal Artillery units assigned to the Campaigns forces were organised in 6 “Marineartillerie-Abteilungen”:
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The German MAA’s were divided into companies; each company manned a battery. A standard MAA usually consisted of 6 companies, but this could range from 2 – 12.
The commander of a MAA was usually “Korvettenkapitän”, but could also be “Fregattenkapitän” or “Kapitänleutnant.”
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Army artillery units designed for coastal defence appeared in Norway in 1941. They established several “Heeresküstenartillerie-regimenter” (HKAR), “Heeresküstenartillerie-Abteilungen” (HKAA) and 160 “Heeresküsten-Batterien” (HKB).
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At the end of the war, there were 221 batteries divided into 29 units & 10 regiments. The Germans had serious problems in commanding and controlling this effectively. The mix-up between army and naval artillery also caused serious problems when it came to effective command. 
The “Heeresküstenartillerie” had standard army OOB, but had guns of varying calibre’s and quality. Some units were also sometimes equipped with tanks, mostly French captured ones, like the “Somua”. Especially in South West Norway.

The coastal defence had a big need of men. In 1930, the entire German “Kriegsmarine” counted 15 000 men. In Norway, the total number of Army / Naval Coast defence personnel only was about 65 000 (1945). Artillery Schools and firing ranges were established several places, amongst them Rauöy in the Oslo-fjord, and Stavern. (Which still is a firing range) * To the right: Gun crew at Batterie Vara (38 cm guns!) You can find more pictures here.

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These AA units used two different 88 mm cannons, 10,5 cm’s and 7,5 cm’s, together with different smaller calibre guns. Most fortresses were equipped with 20 mm AA guns in different versions, and the Germans also widely used the MG 34 on an AA mount as a secondary / light weapon for close defence against low-level targets.
All fortresses had 60-200 cm floodlights, operated by a three man squad, or more – these were used against sea & air targets.
The subject of “Marine FLAK” will be covered in a forthcoming separate article.

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The Germans made widely use of radars in Norway. These were among the most common:* 

German flak organisation chart

              All units were trained to prepare for their own perimeter close defence, and they were often generously equipped with several light & heavy machine guns. Many of these were so-called ”Beutewaffen” from the Norwegian Army, such as “Madsen” light (L)MG and “Colt” (H) heavy MG. Germans also used a big amount and variety of mortars, together with personnel & AT-mines and other AT-weapons. Some coastal fortresses had remotely controlled and fixed flame-throwers, but these only had enogh fuel for 40 seconds use before running out, “Abwehr 1942”. 
French built tanks were also in use in some fortress areas, mostly the popular “Somua”or “Hotchkiss”. These were sometimes co-ordinated with other tank units in the area, if any.

In Stavanger, southern Norway, was the ”Beutepanzerkompanie Stavanger”. More than likely it was an interim measure to fill the gap between the departure of 25.Panzer-Division and the later formation of “Panzer-Division Norwegen”. The main tanks were the French “Hotchkiss” and “Somua” tanks which the 25.PD left behind.

The “25. Panzer-Division” was ready in Norway in early 1942 as an operational reserve to defend against allied invasion or alternately to be used in an invasion of Sweden. The division was slow in forming and initially was equipped with the French tanks as well as Panzer II. Starting in Spring 1943, it began receiving Panzer III and IV and by June 43 it grew into a significant force which had 7 PzKw II, 41 PzKw III, 16 PzKw IV, 40 “Hotchkiss”, 15 “Somua”, and 15 StuG. In July 43 it was reported at 14 PzKw II, 62 PzKw III, and 26 PzKw IV. 25.PD was moved out of Norway in 1943, except for the “1st Abteilung, Panzer-Regiment 9”.
This left the Norwegian command without a significant armoured mobile reserve, and ”BeutePzKp Stavanger” was an interim measure in summer 43 to cover the gap until later in November 1943 when they started forming "Panzer-Brigade Norwegen" around I./PR 9. This was renamed to “Panzer-Division Norwegen”, but it was a division in name only. This division was reported to also have “Beute-Panzer´s” along with PzKw III and PzKw IV.

As an example of typical armament for a Coastal Fortress, the Battery at Trondenes was equipped with: 5 machine guns (Norwegian), 1 Field Gun (7,62 cm Russian), 1 AT gun (7,5 cm German), 1 mortar 81 m.m, 4 mobile flame-throwers, 6 x 20 m.m. FLAKs, 3 x 37 m.m. PAKs, 3 x 8,8 cm FLAKs, and 4 floodlight units, (3 x 60 cm, and 1 x 150 cm).
Details are given in this article when available.

The German-built Fortresses and other defence preparations were for the most part very intelligently placed, as they made brilliant tactical use of the Norwegian terrain and landscape.
 

Barbed wire combined with mine fields was usually used around the perimeter. Some fortresses had very solid concrete bunkers for the guns, most others often not. The allied landing in Normandy gave the Germans valuable informations for different evaluation of their remaining coastal defence installations; the results could be noticed in the Norwegian Coastal Defence area too.   The building of the fortresses had high priority, and the British / Norwegian commando raids in Svolvär and Maalöy gave the work extra speed. Hitler is said to have thought the allies would land in Norway. Organisation Todt and Norwegian workers did some of the work, but slave labourers were also used in large scale. Most came from Serbia and Russia.  Documents from that time show a tremendous use of concrete, iron and steel material.

Only a very few coastal defence installations saw any serious action, except for the Arctic units. All fortresses were taken over by the Norwegian Defence Forces in ’45. Quite a few were used by the Norwegian Coastal Artillery, but many were immediately destroyed. Only a few are still operational w/ original guns. “Batterie Dietl” and "Batterie Vara"has been restored, and is a tourist attraction. A few other sites are also used as museums, like Tellevik Fort and Kvarven Fort outside Bergen

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                In November ’44 the Germans established so-called “K-Flotillen”. (Kleinkampf-flotillen). These used a new kind of vessels (these are only the ones used in Norway, the Germans had other weapons too, like ”Neger” – a manned torpedo)

Kleinkampf-flotillen units

The Germans operated quite huge anti-shipping mine fields. These were organised by the “Sperrwaffenkommandos”. Most coastal fortresses were also protected by mines, in this article the numbers of mines are given for the Sognefjorden area.

These fields were in use, among others:
 

A selection of mine fields in Norway

Late in the war, the Germans developed a 38 cm rocketlauncher (“Raketentauchgeschoss”) for use against enemy submarines. The ammo was a depth charge, which was rocket-fired from the shore, and into the water where it sank to the predetermined depth, and exploded.
The weapon was deployed to Alta, Agdenes and Trondheim amongst other places – mostly to cover the big battle ships like Tirpitz or U-boat bunkers.
The weapon had a range of 2 000 m some sources state 3000 m. 
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Most guns were gathered from all occupied countries. The Germans identified the origin with a letter: Austria (ö) Poland (p), Yugoslavia (j), Soviet (r), England (e), Holland (h), Belgium (b), France (f), Norway (n) and Czech guns (t). It seems as If the Germans preferred the French quality and their favourites were K331 and K332. However, the Germans had several accidents with cannons during practice live shooting, and lost many men in these, more than 100. To the right, a German soldier with a water cooled sMG(n)

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The German naval command in Norway